Ionova Technologies’ patented 3-D Nanofilm™ technology dispenses with the limitations inherent in today’s powder-based ultracapacitors, lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries and by projecting in 3 dimensions a nanoscopic oxide film of controlled thickness, content and phase on a conductive structure of controlled porosity. 3-D Nanofilm™ technology improves ion access and active material utilization, reduces solid-state ion diffusion lengths (up to 100x) and electron transfer resistance (up to 9 orders of magnitude). In the case of air electrode applications, the through-connected mesostructure also facilitates gas diffusion while providing dramatically increased catalyst surface area (up to 100x).

As a result, coulombic (round-trip charge/discharge) efficiency, reaction (charge/discharge) rates, capacity, useful energy window and cycle life are maximized while resistance and related heat generation are minimized while charge state is more uniformly distributed across the electrode.